Destruction of the continuity or integrity of bone is called fracture. If the broken end of the fracture communicates with the outside world, it is called an open fracture, otherwise it is a closed fracture. Fracture may be accompanied by shock, local pain, swelling, tenderness, longitudinal percussion pain, dysfunction, deformity, pseudoarthrosis and bone rubs.
First aid for fractures is very important. We should strive for time to save lives, protect injured limbs and prevent aggravating injuries and wound infection. First aid needs more assistance from others and the injured should be sent to hospital for treatment as soon as possible.
1. Should understand the injury situation, to be on the safe side, the suspected fracture according to fracture treatment; For patients with craniocerebral injury complicated with coma, attention should be paid to keep respiratory system unobstructed to prevent asphyxia.
2. Those with wounds can use clean clothes and other materials to compress and bandage the wound to stop bleeding, so as to prevent the wound from being polluted again; Hemostasis is required for fracture complicated with hemorrhage of large blood vessels in limbs.
3. Fracture itself is not terrible. More importantly, the waist should discover the whole body condition of the wounded and combined injuries in time. The wounded with limb fracture should be temporarily fixed to reduce pain, prevent shock and reduce the damage to tissues, blood vessels, nerves, etc. at the end of the transportation process. Branches, wood boards, wooden sticks and the like can be used as splints. Clothes, cotton yarn, paper scraps and other soft materials should be padded on the splints, and proper tightness should be paid attention to in fixing.
4. The general wounded should take supine position during transportation. In case of moving the wounded with cervical vertebra fracture, one person should gently lead the part, keep it consistent with the trunk long axis, and rotate with it to prevent the neck from over-stretching, over-bending, and rotating, and lie down horizontally ".Soft materials should be applied to both sides of the back head to prevent the head from rotating. When moving patients with spinal fracture, it is forbidden to use one person to carry up or one person to hold shoulder and one person to hold leg. Rolling or flat dragging should be adopted, and the patients should be placed in the supine position with the waist and abdomen padded with soft materials. Stretchers and vehicles on the way to escort the wounded should be stable to prevent bumpy and aggravated injuries.
5. Before transferring the severed limb, the severed limb shall be wrapped with disinfectant dressing or clean towel and put into a sealed plastic bag, and then placed in a container containing ice or cold water. Remember not to directly contact the limb with ice. It is forbidden to soak the severed limb in alcohol, disinfectant, physiological saline and other liquids. For the injured with incomplete limb amputation, splints should be properly fixed.