Bleeding is one of the major complications after trauma. If the amount of bleeding in adults exceeds 800-1000 ml, shock can be caused and life is endangered. Therefore, hemostasis is an important measure to rescue the bleeding wounded, and it has special significance to save the lives of the wounded.
Six Effective Hemostasis Methods:
General hemostasis: aiming at small wound hemorrhage. The affected part needs to be washed and disinfected with normal saline, and then covered with multiple layers of disinfection gauze and tightly bound with bandages. Note: If the affected part has more hair, the hair should be cut and shaved during treatment.
Finger pressure hemostasis method: it is only applicable to first aid of arterial hemorrhage of head, face, neck and limbs, and it should be noted that the compression time should not be too long.
(1) hemorrhage at the top of the head: before the ear is injured, the superficial temporal artery is pressed with the thumb 1.5 cm above and in front of the mandibular tragus.
(2) Head and neck hemorrhage: four fingers are aligned with the medial part of the middle section of the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck and press the common carotid artery towards the cervical vertebra. Attention should be paid not to compress the common carotid arteries on both sides at the same time so as not to cause cerebral ischemia and necrosis. The time of oppression should not be too long to avoid danger.
(3) upper arm hemorrhage: raise the affected limb with one hand and press the brachial artery with the other hand's four fingers aligned with the medial side of the middle arm.
(4) Palmar hemorrhage: Raise the affected limb, and press the ulnar and flex arteries of the wrist with the thumb of both hands respectively.
(5) Thigh hemorrhage: Press the femoral artery backward with both thumbs slightly below the groin.
(6) Foot hemorrhage: Compression of dorsal artery of foot and posterior cervical artery between medial malleolus and Achilles tendon with thumb of both hands respectively.
Limb flexion plus pad hemostasis: When bleeding occurs in the front arm or lower leg, gauze pad, cotton ball or towel, clothes and other articles can be placed in the elbow socket and knee socket. Flex the joint and fix it with triangle towel in figure 8. However, it cannot be used for fracture or joint dislocation.
Rubber tourniquet for hemostasis: The commonly used tourniquet is a rubber tube about three feet long. The method is: palms up, one end of the tourniquet is held by the tiger's mouth, one hand is tightened, and the tourniquet is wound around the limb for 2 times. The middle and food fingers clamp the end of the tourniquet, pull it down along the limb and press down on the "remaining head" to avoid slipping. Pay attention to the use of tourniquet to pad, not directly on the skin. Loosen the tourniquet every 45 minutes for 2-3 minutes, and slowly replace it with finger pressure when loosening.
Tightening hemostasis method: Fold the triangular towel into a band, tie a loose knot, take a small stick to wear on the outside of the band and tighten it, and insert the tightened stick into the loose knot loop to fix it.
Tampon hemostasis: tampon and compress sterilized gauze, cotton pad and first aid bag in the wound. bandage and triangular bandage shall be applied externally, and the tightness shall be suitable for hemostasis.